Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue

Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue (Fort), Mumbai is a graceful heritage landmark that combines spiritual purpose with striking architecture and a rich community history 🕍. Built in 1884-1885 by the philanthropic Sassoon family, the synagogue stands out for its turquoise-blue façade, neo-classical proportions and Victorian detailing.

The building continues to function as a living place of worship for Mumbai’s Baghdadi Jewish community while welcoming respectful visitors on heritage walks.

Key highlights and facts:

• Established in 1884-1885 by the Sassoon family, prominent Baghdadi Jewish patrons.
• Architectural style mixes neo-classical symmetry with Victorian ornamentation and local materials.
• Notable interior features include stained-glass windows, a central bimah, ornate teakwood pews and patterned tiled floors.
• Underwent careful restoration in the late 2010s, earning acclaim for conservation and community engagement.
• Located in Kala Ghoda, Fort - within easy walking distance of David Sassoon Library, Jehangir Art Gallery and CSMVS Museum.

Visitor experience:

• The synagogue offers a calm, contemplative ambience ideal for quiet exploration and photography from the exterior.
• Entry is generally free; visitors should observe silence, modest dress and any instructions during services.
• Photography inside may be restricted during prayers or special events; always ask before photographing people or ritual objects.
• The synagogue occasionally hosts religious festivals and community events that offer deeper insight into Jewish rituals and heritage.

Why it matters:

• Knesset Eliyahoo is not just an architectural gem but a living link to Mumbai’s multicultural past - a reminder of the city’s historic Jewish presence and philanthropic networks. Visiting provides both visual pleasure and a respectful window into a vibrant, though small, community history.

The history of Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue reflects the journey of the Baghdadi Jewish community in Mumbai and the role they played in shaping the city’s multicultural identity. Constructed in 1884-1885, the synagogue was commissioned by Jacob Elias Sassoon, a notable member of the influential Sassoon family. The Sassoons, originally from Baghdad, migrated to India in the early nineteenth century and became major contributors to trade, philanthropy and public institutions across Mumbai.

The synagogue was built to honour Eliyahoo David Sassoon, father of Jacob Elias Sassoon. Its name, "Knesset Eliyahoo", means Assembly of Elijah, symbolising a place of gathering, prayer and community life. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this area of Fort–Kala Ghoda was home to a thriving Jewish population. The synagogue served as a spiritual hub for Baghdadi Jews, who were involved in textiles, shipping, banking and other commercial enterprises that strengthened Mumbai’s economy.

Throughout its long history, the building withstood social transitions, demographic shifts and urban development. By the mid twentieth century, the community size reduced due to migration to Israel, Europe and North America. However, the synagogue never ceased functioning. It remained a beloved centre for Shabbat services, festivals such as Rosh Hashanah, Passover, Hanukkah, and life cycle events.

The synagogue also holds historical significance as a site that preserved Jewish culture in India amidst waves of global change. It houses traditional elements such as handwritten Torah scrolls, original religious furnishings, prayer books and community records. Even during challenging periods, the Sir Jacob Sassoon Trust ensured uninterrupted maintenance, rituals and community support.

The 2018 restoration further reconnected the synagogue with its nineteenth century origins, bringing back the original turquoise-blue façade, floral patterns and Victorian details. Its recognition by UNESCO in 2019 reaffirmed the enduring historical and cultural importance of this Mumbai landmark.

The architecture and design of the Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue reflect a refined blend of neo classical, Victorian, and Baghdadi Jewish influences, making it one of Mumbai’s most visually distinctive heritage structures. Its famous turquoise blue façade stands out in the Fort–Kala Ghoda precinct, surrounded by historic colonial-era buildings. The building’s elegant proportions, symmetrical layouts and ornate detailing highlight the design philosophy of the nineteenth century.

Inside, the structure maintains an atmosphere of reverence and serenity. Light filters through delicate stained glass windows, illuminating the prayer hall with soft, coloured hues. Tall Corinthian-style columns, decorative arches and polished wooden railings reflect European influences, while the Bimah and Ark retain traditional Jewish elements. Patterned Victorian tiles and hanging chandeliers add a warm, old-world charm. Exterior Design Highlights:

• Iconic turquoise blue façade restored to its original nineteenth-century shade
• Neo classical symmetry with balanced windows and cornice lines
• Victorian detailing around windows, arches and pilasters
• Tall arched entrance doorway leading to the prayer hall
• Heritage wooden doors with classic iron fittings
• Plinth, mouldings and façade trims inspired by colonial architecture

Interior Design Highlights:

• Stained glass windows casting colourful patterns inside
• Corinthian-style columns supporting the gallery and ceiling
• High ceiling ensuring natural light and ventilation
• Bimah crafted from polished wood
• Holy Ark with carved wooden doors storing Torah scrolls
• Victorian patterned tile flooring
• Women’s gallery with carved wooden balustrades
• Chandeliers and decorative brass lamps
• Hebrew inscription plaques on walls and arches

The restoration of the Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue is one of Mumbai’s finest conservation achievements. By the mid 2010s, the structure showed signs of ageing, prompting a collaborative restoration effort led by the JSW Foundation, World Monuments Fund (WMF) and the Sir Jacob Sassoon & Allied Trusts.

Completed in 2018, the project revived the synagogue’s original turquoise colour, strengthened structural elements and restored intricate details using traditional methods.

Key Restoration Components:

• Revival of original blue façade
• Lime plaster wall and trim repairs
• Structural strengthening of beams and timber frames
• Restored stained glass windows
• Polished Bimah, Ark and wooden furniture
• Waterproofing for monsoon protection
• Refurbished Victorian patterned tiles
• Reinstated Hebrew inscription plaques
• Restored chandeliers and brass lamps

Project Partners:

• JSW Foundation
• World Monuments Fund (WMF)
• Sir Jacob Sassoon & Allied Trusts
• Conservation architects and heritage experts

UNESCO Recognition:

• Awarded the UNESCO Asia Pacific Award (2019)
• Praised for authenticity and technical excellence
• Celebrated as a model heritage conservation project

The Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue holds deep religious and cultural significance for the Baghdadi Jewish community in Mumbai. For over a century, it has been a centre of Orthodox Jewish worship, hosting Shabbat services, High Holy Days and important life cycle ceremonies. The synagogue preserves prayer traditions, Hebrew hymns and rituals brought from Baghdad during the nineteenth century.

Religious Importance:

• Centre for Orthodox Jewish worship
• Shabbat prayers and weekly Torah readings
• Celebrates Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Passover and Hanukkah
• Hosts weddings, bar mitzvahs and brit milah
• Preserves Hebrew prayer traditions

Cultural Importance:

• Symbol of Mumbai’s multicultural identity
• Historic centre for the Baghdadi Jewish community
• Houses sacred objects like Torah scrolls and prayer books
• Venue for cultural gatherings and community initiatives
• Popular destination for heritage walks
• Promotes interfaith understanding by welcoming all visitors

The interior of the Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue is serene, elegant and rich in historical detail. It features a soft blue-white colour palette, antique chandeliers and beautifully restored heritage elements.

Key Interior Features:

• Central Bimah (prayer platform) with ornate woodwork
• Holy Ark (Aron Kodesh) housing Torah scrolls
• Colourful stained-glass windows
• High ceiling for enhanced acoustics
• Antique chandeliers and lanterns
• Original teakwood benches and carved railings
• Patterned tile flooring
• Upper-level women’s gallery (Ezrat Nashim)
• Hebrew inscriptions and decorative motifs

Restoration Highlights:

• Repaired stained-glass panels
• Re-polished wooden furniture
• Conserved brass lamp holders
• Strengthened ceiling and gallery structure

Prayer Practices:

• Traditional Baghdadi Jewish Orthodox customs
• Shabbat services on Friday evening and Saturday morning
• Festivals like Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Passover and Hanukkah
• Torah reading from the central Bimah
• Opening of the Holy Ark (Aron Kodesh) during rituals
• Hebrew chants and hymns

Visitor Etiquette:

• Modest dressing with shoulders and knees covered
• Separate seating arrangement for men and women
• Maintain silence during prayers
• No photography during services
• Always request permission before taking photos
• Keep phones switched off
• Do not touch ritual or sacred items
• Avoid movement inside the hall during prayers

Atmosphere and Ambience:

• Calm, soothing and spiritually uplifting
• Pastel blue-white interiors with soft lighting
• Contrast between quiet indoors and bustling Fort outside

What Visitors Enjoy:

• Stained-glass windows and restored teakwood furnishings
• Informative stories shared by caretakers
• Learning about Baghdadi Jewish culture
• Hearing Hebrew chants during prayer hours

Practical Experience:

• Easy accessibility in the Kala Ghoda heritage zone
• Free entry on most days
• Respectful and welcoming environment
• Photography rules vary
• Ideal for heritage walking routes

Best Timings:

• Friday evenings for Shabbat Eve prayers
• Saturday mornings for Shabbat services
• Weekday mornings for peaceful exploration
• Weekday afternoons ideal for photography

Best Seasons:

• November to February for pleasant weather
• During the Kala Ghoda Arts Festival for an energetic neighbourhood

Additional Notes:

• Photography restricted during prayers
• Entry may be limited on Jewish holidays
• Weekdays recommended for architecture viewing

Smart Visiting Tips:

• Choose weekday mornings or afternoons for quiet exploration
• Dress modestly with shoulders and knees covered
• Ask for permission before taking photos
• Avoid touching sacred objects
• Show interest in learning about Jewish culture

Navigation and Convenience:

• Parking in Kala Ghoda is limited
• Use taxis, autos or local trains for convenience
• Combine visit with nearby heritage attractions
• Carry drinking water
• Keep noise levels low

Interesting Facts:

• Known as the Blue Synagogue because of its turquoise exterior
• Original historic colour discovered during restoration
• Built by the influential Sassoon family
• Among Mumbai’s oldest functioning synagogues
• Features rare stained-glass and antique teak interiors
• Recipient of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award (2019)
• More than 130 years old and still active
• Located in the vibrant Kala Ghoda arts district
• Houses historic Torah scrolls
• A key symbol of the Baghdadi Jewish community

General Notes:

• Timings may vary during festivals or special events
• Located in the busy Kala Ghoda heritage district
• Walking is recommended during crowded periods
• Entry is free with optional donation boxes
• Shoes are allowed inside the synagogue

Preservation and Access:

• Structure is nearly 140 years old; use stairs and railings gently
• Some areas may be restricted during prayers
• Photography allowed only with permission
• Maintain respectful behaviour inside the heritage building

Reaching the Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue is easy and convenient due to its prime location in the Kala Ghoda – Fort precinct, one of Mumbai’s most accessible heritage districts. Visitors can arrive by train, bus, taxi, auto rickshaw or even on foot if they are staying nearby.

The synagogue sits on Dr. V.B. Gandhi Marg, a short walk from several major transport hubs.

By Air:

• Airport is 22-25 km away
• Taxis/app cabs cost ₹600-₹900
• Airport AC buses cost ₹120-₹200

By Train:

• Churchgate Station: 10-12 minutes on foot
• CSMT: 12-15 minutes on foot
• Train fares range from ₹10-₹30
• Short taxi rides from stations cost ₹30-₹60

By Bus:

• BEST buses available: 14, 69, 101, 108, 125, 132
• Bus fares range from ₹10-₹30

By Taxi / Auto:

• Taxi minimum fare: ₹28
• Auto minimum fare: ₹21 (autos not allowed deep inside Fort)
• Short rides usually ₹40-₹120

Walking:

• Perfect for exploring the Kala Ghoda Art District
• Located near major heritage landmarks

The Knesset Eliyahoo Synagogue is located in the Kala Ghoda–Fort district, which offers many cafés, bakeries and restaurants. Visitors can find vegetarian and non-vegetarian options, quick snacks and multi-cuisine meals within a short walking distance. Prices vary and suit different budgets.

Types of Food Available:

• Cafés with sandwiches, pastries and coffee
• Indian, Parsi and continental meals
• Vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes
• Quick snacks and bakery items

Budget Guide:

• Bakeries and small cafés cost ₹150-₹300
• Mid-range restaurants cost ₹400-₹800
• Premium dining options cost ₹1000 and above

Convenience:

• All options are within walking distance
• Good area for café hopping
• Ideal for meals before or after exploring Kala Ghoda